Vietnam war ends 1975
Shah of Iran overthrown
- After Da Nang falls, 100,000 South Vietnamese soldiers surrender after being abandoned by their own commanding officers.
- President Nguyen Van Thieu orders the withdrawal of ARVN forces from II Corps, central highlands.
- U.S. Navy conducts Operation Eagle Pull to evacuate U.S. Embassy staff from Phnom Penh.
- Cambodia falls to the Khmer Rouge
- NVA begins attack on Saigon,
- U.S. Navy conducts Operation Frequent Wind to evacuate all U.S. personnel and selected South Vietnamese from the rooftop of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon
- Hue south Vietnam’s largest third country fall to Vietnamese army in the north.
- Only 5 weeks into campaign the Vietnamese army made a gain 12 provinces and 8 million people were under its control, the South Vietnamese army lost everything.
- There was a massive airlift with the us marine and air force helicopters.
- The Vietnamese waged anti colonial war against France and got 2.6 billion from the U.S in financial help in 1945-1954.
Shah of Iran overthrown
- Includes event about Iran’s monarchy.
- Demonstrations against the Shah appeared in October 1977.
- Eventually developed into a campaign of civil resistance.
- Between August and September strikes occurred that effected the country in a big way.
- The Shah left Iran for exile in mid-January 1979, and in the resulting power vacuum two weeks later Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Terhan to a greeting by several million Iranians.
- The royal regime collapsed shortly after on February 11 when guerrilla and rebel troops overwhelmed troops loyal to the Shah in armed street fighting.
- Iran voted by national referendum to become an Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979.
- To approve a new democratic-theocratic hybrid constitution whereby Khomeini became Supreme Leader of the country, in December 1979.
- Iran was an overly centralized royal power structure state, which was heavily protected by a lavishly financed army and security services.
- The revolution was in part a conservative backlash against the Westernizing and secularizing efforts of the Western-backed Shah.
Iranian hostage crisis
- The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States
- 66 Americans were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981
- A group of Islamist students and militants took over the American Embassy in Tehran in support of the Iranian Revolution
- President Carter called the hostages "victims of terrorism and anarchy", adding that the "United States will not yield to blackmail".
- Reached a climax when, after failed attempts to negotiate a release, the United States military attempted a rescue operation, Operation Eagle Claw
- April 24, 1980, which resulted in a failed mission, the deaths of eight American servicemen, one Iranian civilian, and the destruction of two aircraft
- Ended with the signing of the Algiers Accords in Algeria on January 19, 1981
- The hostages were formally released into United States custody the following day, just minutes after the new American president Ronald Reagan was sworn into office
- The crisis has been described as an entanglement of "vengeance and mutual incomprehension".
- In Iran, the hostage taking was widely seen as a blow against the U.S., and its influence in Iran, its perceived attempts to undermine the Iranian Revolution, and its longstanding support of the Shah of Iran, recently overthrown by the revolution
salt 1
- The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties]
- involving the United States and the Soviet Union—the Cold War superpowers—on the issue of armament control
- 2 rounds of agreement , the salt 1 and salt 2.
- Negotiations commenced in Helsinki, Finland, in 1969. SALT I led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and an interim agreement between the two powers.
- Although SALT II resulted in an agreement in 1979, the United States chose not to ratify the treaty in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, which took place later that year.
- Negotiations commenced in Helsinki, Finland, in 1969.
- SALT I led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and an interim agreement between the two powers.
- Although SALT II resulted in an agreement in 1979, the United States chose not to ratify the treaty in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, which took place later that year.
- The treaties then led to START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty), which consisted of START 1.
- this started weapon war.